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Mental Models

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Why You Can't Think Straight When You're Hungry

Your needs take turns, and the emptiest one grabs your attention whether you like it or not. The five levels explained from scratch — plus the twist that the famous pyramid everyone uses was drawn by someone else entirely, and says something Maslow never believed.

August 16, 2026
8 min read9 views
Curiosity

How Sleep Actually Works: The Two Switches That Decide When You Sleep

You don't decide to fall asleep — two separate systems do, and they have to agree. The mechanics of sleep pressure, the body clock, the flip-flop switch that flips you under, and why each one failing gives you a different kind of sleepless night.

August 9, 2026
9 min read4 views
Curiosity

The Science of Caffeine: How Coffee Actually Wakes Up Your Brain

Caffeine doesn't give you energy — it blocks the molecule that tells your brain it's tired. The real chemistry behind adenosine, dopamine, the afternoon crash, tolerance, and why coffee hits everyone differently.

August 8, 2026
8 min read5 views
Curiosity

The History of Coffee: From a Goat Herder's Legend to Your Morning Cup

A goat herder's legend, a stolen plant, a smuggler, and the Boston Tea Party — the real, surprisingly dramatic history of coffee, plus the chemistry behind why Arabica tastes smoother than Robusta.

August 7, 2026
10 min read8 views
Gaming
#chess#gaming#openings#scotch gambit

The Scotch Gambit: A Pawn Sacrificed for Early Advantage

A chess opening where White hands over a pawn on purpose — the target it aims at, two real traps that punish greed, and the one line that actually holds up. Includes a full in-browser analysis board with a live chess engine.

August 2, 2026
4 min read22 views
Mental Models
#loss aversion#mental models#behavioral economics#cognitive bias

Loss Aversion: Why Losing $100 Hurts More Than Winning $100 Feels Good

A fair coin-flip bet that almost nobody takes, and the wiring behind it — the same bias behind free trials, overpriced insurance, and stocks people can’t bring themselves to sell.

August 2, 2026
3 min read27 views
Science
#electricity#physics#science#everyday science

Electricity, Explained With a Water Hose

Volts, amps, watts, and kilowatt-hours, explained with one running picture: a water tower on a hill, a hose, and a house.

August 2, 2026
5 min read32 views
Economics
#inflation#economics#gold standard#federal reserve#monetary policy

Why Money Loses Value: A Short History of Inflation

Inflation isn't things getting more expensive — it's money getting weaker. Follow one small island economy from the gold standard through 1971, the 1970s, and 2021 to see why.

August 1, 2026
8 min read28 views
Investing
#meta#earnings#ai-spending#investing

Inside Meta's Q2 2026 Earnings: A Great Ad Business Funding an Expensive Bet

Meta beat revenue, missed EPS, and missed on guidance — a rubric-graded summary of the Q2 2026 earnings report, straight from the press release, call transcript, and presentation deck.

July 30, 2026
7 min read22 views
Curiosity
#physics#light#rayleigh-scattering#curiosity

Why Is the Sky Blue?

A first-principles proof — two variables, two rules, two equations — for why the afternoon sky is blue and the sunset turns red.

July 30, 2026
4 min read14 views
Investing
#alphabet#google#balance-sheet#investing

Inside the Balance Sheet of the Most Profitable Company on the Planet

Alphabet's real balance sheet and income statement, line by line — what $704 billion in assets actually is, why total assets don't equal safety, and how a real 10-Q differs from the simplified version in Part 1, with interactive widgets built from the real numbers.

July 26, 2026
12 min read20 views
Investing
#balance-sheet#income-statement#accounting#investing

Financial Statements 101: A Beginner's Guide to the Balance Sheet & Income Statement

The balance sheet and income statement, explained from scratch — what Assets = Liabilities + Equity actually means, why revenue isn't profit, and how the two statements connect, with interactive widgets so you can build one yourself.

July 25, 2026
6 min read24 views
Mental Models
#game-theory#strategy#decision-making#psychology

Game Theory 101: The Strategic Models Worth Knowing

Ten strategic ideas worth knowing — the Prisoner's Dilemma, Nash Equilibrium, and more — with interactive widgets so you can play through each concept yourself, not just read about it.

July 14, 2026
12 min read32 views
Mental Models
#mental-models#pocket-laws#decision-making#psychology

Pocket Laws 101: The Mental Models Worth Carrying Around

Fourteen mental models worth keeping in your pocket — Murphy's Law, Jevons Paradox, Goodhart's Law, the Dunning-Kruger Effect, and more — the kind of ideas that explain a bad meeting, a blown deadline, or your own bad decision right as it's happening.

July 12, 2026
15 min read26 views
Investing
#options-greeks#finance#investing

Geeks of Greeks: A Beginner’s Guide to Options Greeks

Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho, and implied volatility, explained the way an engineer would explain them — as partial derivatives of an option’s price, each isolating one input at a time. No trading advice, just the mechanics, with a worked dollar example for each.

July 11, 2026
9 min read10 views
AI
#ai-agent#software-development#technology#artificial-intelligence

AI Made Code Cheap. Verification Just Got Expensive.

A one-year follow-up to “When AI Codes the Future, What Becomes of Human Ingenuity?” Last August, I wrote that human ingenuity would move from execution to orchestration. It did — faster than I expect...

July 11, 2026
8 min read12 views
AI
#artificial-intelligence#software-development#technology

When AI Codes the Future, What Becomes of Human Ingenuity?

Tomorrow’s inventions won’t ask, “Who built this?” but “Who directed this?”The genius of the future won’t be in lines of code, but in lines of thought. Not long ago, writing code was seen as the pinna...

August 25, 2025
3 min read9 views
Travel
#travel#europe#traveling#running

Running Through History: 10Ks in Europe’s Greatest Cities

Running has always been my way of exploring a city — it’s intimate, it’s raw, and it takes you through places tourists sometimes miss. On my recent trip to Europe, I found few beautiful 10K routes in...

August 18, 2025
2 min read9 views
Gaming
#tft#teamfight-tactics#gaming

Teamfight Tactics (TFT)Items: Your Super Simple Guide to Gearing Up Your Champions!

1. Introduction: In TFT, items are akin to the special equipment or superpowers that elevate your favorite superheroes. While a champion possesses inherent strength, equipping them with a magical staf...

July 6, 2025
15 min read56 views
AI
#energy#ai#aritificial-intelligence

What Stands in the Way of AGI? The Looming Energy Crisis?

Imagine you’re trying to build the smartest robot brain ever. Every time you make its brain cells (computer chips) twice as smart, they also get twice as hungry for food (electricity) and produce twic...

July 6, 2025
7 min read10 views
Engineering
#software-architecture#memory-management#computer-science#fundamentals#storage

The Power of 2 in Computer Science: Fundamentals

Introduction Have you ever wondered why computers seem to love the number 2 so much? Well, it all starts with something called the binary system, which is the foundation of all computing. In this arti...

May 28, 2024
4 min read12 views
Engineering
#database#software-development#sharding#system-design-concepts#system-design-interview

Understanding Sharding: Scaling Databases Horizontally

As data grows exponentially, it becomes crucial to ensure your database can handle the increased load while maintaining performance. Sharding, a form of database partitioning, is a powerful technique...

May 28, 2024
4 min read4 views
Engineering
#system-design-interview#message-queue#scalability#software-architecture#microservices

Message Queues: The Backbone of Scalable Software Systems

Think of a message queue like a school cafeteria line. Each student (producer) writes down their lunch order on a piece of paper (message) and puts it in a box (queue). The cafeteria workers (consumer...

May 26, 2024
7 min read14 views
Engineering
#hashing-algorithm#hashing#interview-questions#data-structure-algorithm#computer-science

Hashing 101: From Passwords to Blockchain

Imagine you have a huge collection of toys scattered all over your room. To keep things organized, you use a magical toy box with a special scanner. This scanner gives each toy a unique number and tel...

May 21, 2024
5 min read16 views
Engineering
#garbage-collection#java#software-development#software-architecture

Java Garbage Collection Explained

Java Garbage Collection Imagine you have an office filled with documents, and every time you work on a document, you leave it scattered on your desk. Eventually, the desk becomes so cluttered that you...

May 19, 2024
7 min read8 views
Gaming
#fifa#gaming#games#fifa-24#fifa-24-guide

Mastering EA FIFA FC 24: An In-Depth Guide to Skill Moves

The thrill of outmaneuvering your opponent with a dazzling display of skill moves is one of the most exhilarating aspects of playing FIFA FC 24. Whether you’re aiming to break through a solid defense...

May 17, 2024
5 min read8 views
Engineering
#coding-patterns#computer-science#two-pointers#interview#data-structures

Mastering the Two Pointers Technique: An In-Depth Guide

The world of coding interviews is filled with a variety of patterns and techniques designed to solve common algorithmic problems efficiently. One such powerful and versatile technique is the Two Point...

May 16, 2024
4 min read22 views
AI
#artificial-intelligence#education#education-technology#edtech#future-of-education

Multimodal AI: The Next Frontier in Personalized Education

Introduction: OpenAI launched their new model, ChatGPT-4o, yesterday on May 13th. To showcase its capabilities, they shared a video of a student using the model to solve and understand a complex geome...

May 14, 2024
3 min read22 views
AI
#self-driving-cars#tesla#autonomous-vehicles#autonomous-driving#robotaxi

On the Road to Autonomy: The Transformative Impact of Self-Driving Cars

Introduction Imagine a world where cars drive themselves, streets are safer, and traffic jams are a thing of the past. This isn’t just a futuristic vision; it’s quickly becoming a reality, and I’ve wi...

May 12, 2024
3 min read5 views
AI
#software-development#software-engineering#artificial-intelligence#future-of-work#future-technology

Beyond Coding: The Rise of Product Engineers in the AI Era

Introduction: Historically, software engineers spent considerable time on mundane coding tasks, areas where AI can now excel. For software engineers, this shift signals a transformative change in job...

April 15, 2024
3 min read22 views
Engineering
#software-development#coding#sliding-windows#python#data-structures

Coding Pattern I — Sliding Window

In the realm of algorithmic problem-solving, the Sliding Window technique stands out for its efficiency and elegance, especially in handling array or list-related challenges. This approach is particul...

March 24, 2024
4 min read15 views
Engineering
#software#software-architecture#authentication#authorization#design

Demystifying Authentication: Sessions, Tokens, JWT, SSO, and OAuth 2.0

In the digital world, ensuring that a user is who they claim to be is crucial and ensuring secure access and interaction with applications is paramount. This requires understanding both authentication...

March 11, 2024
3 min read6 views
Engineering
#software-engineering#sofware#software-development#graphql#rest-api

Simplifying API Client Integration: The Shift from REST to GraphQL

API client integration with REST APIs presents challenges throughout the software development lifecycle, including inefficient data handling, scalability issues, and lengthy integration processes, neg...

March 9, 2024
3 min read6 views
AI
#ai#chatgpt#future#technology#innovation

Integrating ChatGPT into Your Daily Life: A Practical Guide

In today’s fast-paced world, artificial intelligence (AI) has become more than just a buzzword. It’s transforming how we live, work, and interact. One of the most accessible forms of AI is ChatGPT, an...

March 4, 2024
3 min read14 views
AI

Artificial Intelligence in Everyday Life: A Seamless Integration

In the last decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has moved from the realm of science fiction to an integral part of our daily lives. Far from the sentient robots of Hollywood’s imagination, AI today i...

March 3, 2024
3 min read17 views